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Source: https://www.fzt.haw-hamburg.de/pers/Scholz/HOOU/AircraftDesign_9_EmpennageGeneralDesign.pdf

General Design Rules

  1. The lever arm of the empennage should be as large as possible. (Lever arm is the distance from Horizontal Stabilizer CL and wing Cl in level flightbetween the aerodynamic center of the wing and the horizontal stabilizer). This will reduce the size of the empennage, saving weight.

  2. The aspect ratio of the horizontal stabilizer should be about half the aspect ratio of the
    wing.

  3. Horizontal Stabilizer is fixed, an incidence angle of around 2° to 3° downwards
    should be chosen to create a negative lift. (assuming we are using asymmetrical airfoil)

  4. Symmetrical airfoils are exclusively selected for vertical Stabilizer. (NACA 0004 might be a good start)

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